Health and Disease 15
HEALTH
AND DISEASE
1. Match the following.
Group ‘A’ Group
‘B’
(a) lack of calcium 2.
Brittle bones
(b) lack of phosphorous 1.
stunted growth
(c) lack of iron 4.
anaemia
(d) lack of iodine 5.
goitre
2. Fill in the blanks.
Vitamin D is produced under the skin in early morning
sunlight.
Deficiency of vitamin C causes a disease called scurvy.
The substance nicotine in tobacco is harmful for both the
heart and the brain.
Taking intoxicating substances has adverse effects on the
nervous system.
3. Write answers to the following questions.
(a) Which foodstuffs contain vitamin D?
Ans. (1) Vitamin D is present in the following
foodstuffs: Shark liver oil, cod liver oil, eggs, cods milk, butter, etc. (2)
Vitamin D is produced under the skin in early morning sunlight. (3) Most of the
vitamin D is of animal origin.
(b) Which disorder ls related to a lack of calcium?
Ans. (1) Our body has greater need for calcium than for
any other mineral. (2) Due to lack of calcium, bones become brittle. (3) The
teeth also wear away due to lack of calcium. (4) That is why, a person having
rickets is given a calcium-rich diet.
(c) Which food items contain plenty of iron?
Ans. Wheat, jaggery, green leafy vegetables and dates are
rich sources of iron.
(d) Which constituents should form a part of the diet
of growing girls?
Ans. (l) The diet of growing girls should include plenty
of calcium and iron. (2) Requirement of iron is also more in case of girls. (3)
Therefore, their diet should include milk, and milk products, wheat, green leafy
vegetables, cabbage, carrots, oranges, almonds, etc. as they are rich source of
calcium. (4) Besides these their diet should include jaggery and dates which
will supply them iron.
(e) What are the ill-effects of taking intoxicating
substances?
Ans: (1) Harmful substances like nicotine, tar and carbon
monoxide are formed when a person eats or smokes tobacco. These substances harm
not only that one person but also those around him. The nicotine in tobacco has
damaging effects on the brain and the heart. When you smoke, tar is deposited
in the lungs. This can lead to cancer.
(2) Chewing tobacco or gutkha can cause cancer of the
mouth. Many people chew paan or tobacco and spit in public places. This makes
the surroundings dirty. Also germs in the spit can spread diseases.
(3) Drinking alcohol or taking drugs like opium, ganja
has harmful effects mainly on the nervous system.
(4) Intoxicating substances are addictive. Their effects
last only for a few hours. Overuse of such substances can be fatal.
